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1 νεκρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `corpse, the dead' (Il.), pl. `the dead' = `inhabitant of the Underworld' (Od., Th., LXX, NT), also attributive and adjectival (-ά, - όν) `dead' (hell.; Pi. Fr. 203 νεκρὸν ἵππον prob. predicative).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. νεκρο-δέγμων `receiving dead' (Α῝ιδης, A. Pr. 153 [lyr.]); rarely as 2. member, e.g. μυριό-νεκρος `with uncountable dead' ( μάχη, Plu.).Derivatives: 1. Subst. νεκρών, - ῶνος m. (Tegea IIa, AP), νεκρια f. (hell. pap.; on the unknown accent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) `place of the dead, grave-yard'. 2. Adj. νεκρ-ιμαῖος `belonging to a corpse', τὸ ν. `corpse' (LXX; after θνησιμ-αῖος, Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); νεκρ-ικός `regarding the dead', τὰν. `inheritance' (Luc., Vett. Val.); νεκρ-ώδης `corpse-like' (Luc., Gal.). 3. Verb νεκρόομαι, - όω `die, kill, enervate' (late) with νέκρωσις `be dead, the killing' (late), - ώσιμα n. pl. = νεκύσια (church-writers, gloss.; Arbenz 93: θανάσιμος), - ώματα pl. `dead bodies' (Arist.-comm.), - ωτικός `causing death' (Gal.). -- In the same meaning νέκῡς (posthom. -ῠ-) m., also adj. `dead' (ep. poet Il., also Hdt. and Gortyn; νέκυρ νεκρός. Λάκωνες H.); some compp., e.g. νεκυο-μαντήϊον, - εῖον `oracle of the dead' (Hdt.), ἰσό-νεκυς `corpse-like' (E. Or. 200 [lyr.], after ἰσό-θεος, s. on ἴσος). Derivv.: νέκυια f. `offer to the dead, so as to call up the dead' (D. S., Plu., Nic.), abstractformation in - ιᾰ for -ίᾱ as ἀλήθεια for - εία etc. (cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in the same meaning νεκυϊσμός (Man.; *νεκυΐζω; on the formations in - ισμός Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); νεκύσια n. pl. `feats of the dead' (hell. pap.; cf. θαλύσια, γενέσια and Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) with Νεκύσιος m. Cret. month-name (IIa); νεκυϊκός `belonging to the dead' (Cyran.); νεκύα f. plantname = φλόμος (Cyran.), because used in the conjuration of the dead; after καρύα, σικύα etc.; on νεκύδαλ(λ)ος s. v. -- Besides νέκες νεκροί H. with νεκ-άς, - άδος f. `heap of dead' (E 886, AP; like νιφάς etc. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). -- Not here νῶκαρ, - αρος n. s.v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [762] *neḱ-(u-) `violent death, corpse'.Etymology: The monosyllabic stem νέκ-ες agrees formally excatly to Lat. nex, necis f. `violent death, murder' and to GAv. nas- f. `need, distress', IE *neḱ-s. Also the u-stem in νέκ-υ-ς returns on Iranian soil in Av. nas-u-š gen. nas-āv-ō f. m. `corpse'; orig. the Gr. υ is short beside Iran. ŭ: āv (\< ou̯), Beeekes-Cuypers, Mnemosyne LVI(2003)485-391; wrong Schwyzer 463. Here perh. Lat. nequālia `detrimenta'. The alternatings r(o)-formation in νεκ-ρό-ς has no parallel outside Greek. ( νῶκαρ will rather be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek; Fur. 133; s.v.) Greek has no parallels to the primary verbs (e.g. Skt. náś-ya-ti, Toch. A näk-näṣ-tär `disappear, perish'). -- WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. necō with further forms, Mayrhofer s. náśyati. -- Not here νέκταρ.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νεκρός
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2 κτέρας
Grammatical information: n. (only nom.)Meaning: `gift' (K 216, Ω 235, A. R. 4, 1550), usu. pl. κτέρεα, - έων `gifts for the dead, offer' (Il.)Derivatives: κτερε-ΐζω (- ίξω, - ίξαι), also with ἐν-, ἐπι-, συν-, (Il.) and κτερ-ίζω (- ιω, - ίσαι; Il.) `bring gifts for the dead, bury ceremoniously' (Schwyzer 735, Debrunner IF 40, 107ff., Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 83) with κτερίσματα pl. = κτέρεα (S., E.), - ισταί H. (= ταφῆες), ἀ-κτέριστος (S., Lyc.),-έϊστος (AP). On κτέρεα κτερεΐζειν Mylonas AmJArch. 52, 56ff.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Here also κτέρες νεκροί H., prob. constructed backformation (Solmsen IF 3, 98; against this Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 68); further prob. Πολύ-κτωρ (Hom.; after it Γανύ-κτωρ Plu., Paus.) as "much-spender" (Fraenkel l.c. with Solmsen; diff. [to κτάομαι] Schulze Kl. Schr. 79). Quite uncertain διάκτορος, s. v. No etymology; wrong ideas in Bq. S. also Arena, Ist. Lomb. 98 (1964) 3-32.Page in Frisk: 2,34Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτέρας
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3 ἀπαλγέω
ἀπαλγέω pf. ἀπήλγηκα (ἀλγέω ‘suffer’; Thu. 2, 61, 4 et al.; Philo, Exs. 135).① to be so inured that one is not bothered by the implications of what one is doing, become callous, dead to feeling, without a sense of right and wrong (Polyb. 16, 12, 7; cp. Nägeli 34) ἀπηλγηκότες dead to all feeling (REB; so, with variations, most translations) Eph 4:19. For a difft. perspective s. 2.② to be filled with a heavy sense of loss or deprivation, be despondent (Polyb. 1, 35, 5 ἀπηλγηκυίας ψυχάς; Cass. Dio 48, 37) Eph 4:19 (cp. the v.l. ἀπηλπικότες ‘despairing’, and cp. 2:12 ἐλπίδα μὴ ἔχοντες; their hopelessness leads them into vice: ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ). S. 1 above. -
4 λυσιτελέω
λῡσῐτελ-έω, prop.A indemnify for expenses incurred, or pay what is due, and then ' pay', i.e. profit, avail (cf. λύω v. 2), c. dat.,I with subject expressed, οὔ φημ' ἂν λυσιτελεῖν σφῷν [τοῦτο] Ar.Pl. 509;λυσιτελεῖ ἡμῖν ἡ δικαιοσύνη Pl. Prt. 327b
;δοῦλος τοιοῦτος οἷος μηδενὶ δεσπότῃ λυσιτελεῖν X.Mem.2.1.15
.2 mostly impers., λυσιτελεῖ μοι it profits me, is better for me, c. part.,οἷς οὐδ' ἅπαξ ἐλυσιτέλησε πειθομένοις Lys.25.27
;πολλοῖς δὴ ἐλυσιτέλησεν ἀδικήσασι Pl.Alc.1.113d
: c. inf.,λ. προϊέναι Id.Tht. 181b
; τεθνάναι νομίσασα λυσιτελεῖν ἢ ζῆν thinking it better to be dead than alive, And.1.125, cf. Pl.R. 407a, X.Cyr.2.4.12 (v.l.), PHamb.27.17 (iii B. C.), etc.: c. dat. pers., it profits one to do so and so,οὐ γάρ οἱ λυσιτελέειν.. δικάζειν Hdt.1.97
;ὅτι μοι λυσιτελοῖ ὥσπερ ἔχω ἔχειν Pl. Ap. 22e
, cf. X.Hier.7.13: sts. c. acc. pers., it is good that..,λυσιτελεῖ τὸν μέλλοντα κακῶς ἰητρεύεσθαι ἀμφότερα καταγῆναι τὰ σκέλεα Hp. Fract.19
, cf. Pl.R. 406d: abs.,ἐλυσιτέλει γάρ Axionic.6.6
.3 in bad sense, conspire, as gloss on ἐς τὸ κακὸν ἀλλήλοισι συντιμωρεῖ (Hp. Acut.17), Gal.15.494 (v.l. συντελεῖ).II neut. part. as Subst., τὸ λυσιτελοῦν profit, gain, advantage, Th.6.85, Pl.R. 336d, D.2.28; a wrong etym. is given in Pl.Cra. 417c.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λυσιτελέω
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5 ἀωρία
ἀωρία, ἡ,A wrong time: hence, untimely fate or death, Hld.10.16; but old age,Herod.
3.29; bad condition,πραγμάτων Procop. Arc.14
: pl., bad seasons,Plu.
2.371b; midnight, dead of night,Pherecr.
6D., Ael.Fr.81; in full,ἦν ἀ. τῆς νυκτὸς μεσούσης Alciphr.3.47
: metaph.,ἀωρίῃ τοῦ πρήγματος Aret.CD1.4
; darkness (figure of calamity), prob. in LXXIs.59.9: acc. as Adv., ἀωρίαν ἥκειν to have come too late, Ar.Ach.23; ποῦ βαδίζεις ἀωρίᾳ; whither so late ? Luc.Asin.24. -
6 ἀλίβας
ἀλίβας, - αντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `corpse, a dead' (Pl. R. 387 c, H.), also of the Styx (S. Fr. 790) and metaphorically of wine-vinegar (Hippon.). ἀλίβας· νεκρός ἦ βροῦχος ἦ ποταμός ἦ ὄξος H.; other glosses s. Peiffer ad Call. fr. 216 (v.l. ἁ-; the vowel is perhaps long).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The antique explanation as `sapless' with α privativum and λιβάς is popular etymology (defended by Lawson ClassRev. 40, 52ff., 116ff.; cf. Wilamowitz Herm. 54, 64. Wrong Immisch Arch. f. Religionswiss. 14, 449f. Furher Petersson Gr. u. lat. Wortstudien (1922) 3f. Kretschmer Glotta 28, 269 connected Etr. lupu `he died', Lat. Libitina; possible, but uncertain. The deviant shape of the word and forms like ὀκρίβας, κιλλίβας, λυκάβας, Κορύβαντες (not to βαίνω of course) make it clear that this is a substr. word.Page in Frisk: 1,72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλίβας
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7 λαμυρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `voracious, avaricious, gluttonous, coquettish' (X., com., hell.)Derivatives: λαμυρία `wantonness, pertness' (Plu.), λαμυρίς f. `lobe' (sch. Luc. Lex. 3), λαμυρῶσαι H. s. λαιθαρύζειν. - Besides λάμια f. name of a man-eating monster (Ar.), of a shark (Arist.); in this meaning also λάμνᾰ or - νη (Opp.); (τὰ) λάμια = χάσματα (EM. H.; cf. λαμυρὰ θάλασσα EM 555, 57). - Name of a hero Λάμος (κ 81). Lycian GN Λάμυρα ( Λίμυρα), rivern. Λάμυρος; from Λά-μυρα (to Σμύρνα etc.) foll. Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 1, 281.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: With λαμυρός cf. γλαφυρός, βδελυρός a. o.; λάμ-ιᾰ with retained - ιᾰ as in πότνια (Schwyzer 473, Chantraine Form. 98). With λαμυρός Walde (LEW2 420) compares Lat. lemurēs `ghosts hovering around of those, who died at a wrong time or who died a forceful death'. I see no basis for these speculations; see Frisk. Formally comparison with Gr. λαμ- seems hardly possible. - From λάμια Lat. lamia f. `vampyr'; further lamium n. `dead nettle', from *λάμιον ? (The form λαμος `cleft', sch. Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 10 does not exist). - Further WP. 2, 434, W.-Hofmann s. lemurēs, la-mium. Here also λαιμός (s.v.)? - Fur. (index) mostly connects Lemures (above); further he connects λάβρος, which is possible but uncertain. The word with - υρ- may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,80Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαμυρός
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8 Ήλύσιον
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: adjunct of πεδίον (δ 563, A. R. 4, 811, Str., Plu.), also without main substantive (IG 14, 1750); rarely Ήλύσιος λειμών, χῶρος (Luc., late inscr.) Abode of the Blessed after death.Derivatives: Ήλύσιος `Elysian' ( αὖραι etc., IG 14, 1389). Here also ἐν-ηλύσιος ἐμβρόντητος, κεραυνόβλητος H., ἐνηλύσια (A. Fr. 17) τὰ κατασκηφθέντα χωρία H.? taken as "being in Elysion", as those hit by lightning acc. to folk belief would come in a higher form of life (thus Cocco, s. below). In the same meaning also the simplex ἠλύσια n. pl. (Polem. Hist. 93).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained, without a doubt Pre-Greek (e. g. Malten ArchJb. 28, 35ff.; on Elysion as Pre-Greek conception Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 324ff.). Often connected with ἐλεύσομαι, ἤλυθον (EM 428, 36, Fick 13, 200, Capelle Arch. f. Religionswiss. 26, 30ff.); against this view a. o. Wackernagel Dehnungsgesetz 5 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 901), Güntert Kalypso 38 n. 3. Untenable IE etymologies also by Schrader Sprachvergleichung und Urgesch.3 435 (to Lith. vė̃lės `ghosts of the dead', OWNo. valr m. sg. `the corpses on the battlefield' etc.; against these views Güntert l. c.), by Carnoy Beitr. z. Namenforschung 7, 119 (to ἦλος τόπος..., ἐν ᾦ οὑδεν φύεται H.). Explanations from Semitic (Lewy Fremdw. 219ff., Cocco Biblos 31, separ. ed. 1ff.) are also to be considered wrong. Beekes, FS Watkins 1998, 19-23, refutes that somebody struck by lightning goes to Elysion; against Burkert, Glotta 39 (1961) 208 -213. He thinks the word is derived with - ιο- from a geographical name * ᾽Ε\/ ᾽Αλυτ\/θ-, with long first vowel, perhaps metri causa.Page in Frisk: 1,633Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ήλύσιον
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